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タイトル: | Conserved non-Noether charge in general relativity: Physical definition versus Noether’s second theorem |
著者: | Aoki, Sinya Onogi, Tetsuya |
著者名の別形: | 青木, 愼也 |
キーワード: | Conserved charge general relativity Noether’s second theorem energy and entropy black hole gravitational collapse expanding Universe |
発行日: | 10-Aug-2022 |
出版者: | World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd |
誌名: | International Journal of Modern Physics A |
巻: | 37 |
号: | 22 |
論文番号: | 2250129 |
抄録: | In this paper, we make a close comparison of a covariant definition of an energy/ entropy in general relativity, recently proposed by a collaboration including the present authors, with existing definitions of energies such as the one from the pseudo-tensor and the quasi-local energy. We show that existing definitions of energies in general relativity are conserved charges from Noether’s second theorem for the general coordinate transformation, whose conservations are merely identities implied by the local symmetry and always hold without using equations of motion. Thus, none of the existing definitions in general relativity reflects the dynamical properties of the system, and the need for a physical definition of an energy. In contrast, our new definition of the energy/ entropy in general relativity is generically a conserved non-Noether charge and gives physically sensible results for various cases such as the black hole mass, the gravitational collapse and the expanding universe, while existing definitions sometimes lead to unphysical ones including zero and infinity. We conclude that our proposal is more physical than existing definitions of energies. Our proposal makes it possible to define almost uniquely the covariant and conserved energy/ entropy in general relativity, which brings some implications to future investigations. |
著作権等: | © The Author(s) This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2433/285353 |
DOI(出版社版): | 10.1142/s0217751x22501299 |
出現コレクション: | 学術雑誌掲載論文等 |
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