Characteristics of Acute Cartilage Response After Mechanical Loading in Patients with Early-Mild Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

This study determined whether the acute cartilage response, assessed by cartilage thickness and echo intensity, differs between patients with early-mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. We recruited 56 women aged ≥ 50 years with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade ≤ 2 (age, 70.6 ± 7.4 years; height, 153.7 ± 5.2 cm; weight, 51.9 ± 8.2 kg). Based on KL grades and knee symptoms, the participants were classified into control (KL ≤ 1, asymptomatic, n = 27) and early-mild knee OA groups (KL 1 and symptomatic, KL 2, n = 29). Medial femoral cartilage thickness and echo intensity were assessed using ultrasonographic B-mode images before and after treadmill walking (15 min, 3.3 km/h). To investigate the acute cartilage response, repeated-measures analysis of covariance (groups × time) with adjusted age, external knee moment impulse, steps during treadmill walking, and cartilage thickness at pre-walking was performed. A significant interaction was found at the tibiofemoral joint; after walking, the cartilage thickness was significantly decreased in the early-mild knee OA group compared to the control group (p = 0.002). At the patellofemoral joint, a significant main effect of time was observed, but no interaction was detected (p = 0.802). No changes in cartilage echo intensity at either the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral joints, and no interactions were noted (p = 0.295 and p = 0.063). As acute cartilage response after walking, the thickness of the medial tibiofemoral joint in the early-mild knee OA was significantly reduced than that in the control group. Thus, greater acute deformation after walking might be a feature found in patients with early-mild knee OA.