Highly Efficient and Precise Rare-Earth Elements Separation and Recycling Process in Molten Salt

Abstract

Owing to the worldwide trend towards carbon neutrality, the number of Dy-containing heat-resistant Nd magnets used for wind power generation and electric vehicles is expected to increase exponentially. However, rare earth (RE) elements (especially Dy) are unevenly distributed globally. Therefore, an environmental-friendly recycling method for RE elements with a highly precise separation of Dy and Nd from end-of-life magnets is required to realize a carbon-neutral society. As an alternative to traditional hydrometallurgical RE separation techniques with a high environmental load, we designed a novel, highly efficient, and precise process for the separation and recycling of RE elements from magnet scrap. As a result, over 90% of the RE elements were efficiently extracted from the magnets using MgCl₂ and evaporation loss was selectively suppressed by adding CaF₂. The extracted RE elements were electrolytically separated based on the formation potential differences of the RE alloys. Nd and Dy metals with purities greater than 90% were estimated to be recovered at rates of 96% and 91%, respectively. Almost all the RE in the scraps could be separated and recycled as RE metals, and the byproducts were easily removed. Thus, this process is expected to be used on an industrial scale to realize a carbon-neutral society.