戦後東ドイツ農業集団化のミクロ・ヒストリー : ロストク県バート・ドベラン郡を中心に

Abstract

Reading intensively the local documents on the formation of LPGs in 1950's in Kreis Bad Doberan, we find the remarkable diversity of agricultural collectivization. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of restructuring of villages 1952-1960, attempting an micro-historical analysis on two different villages, Kägsdorf and Parkentin. First, in Kägsdorf transformed from Gutsclorf" into a new-farmer-village through land reform, a group of refugee-new-farmers succeeded to get a strong influence on local government, making use of the personal connections with old-farmer families. They founded Kägsdorf LPG in Jan. 1953, furthermore they could developed their organization after June 17 Uprising. In contrast the political power of native-new-farmers coming from former farm workers, remained weak, so that the conflict within the village could be kept under control. However we could not ignore another group of refugee-new-farmers who were forced to leave the their own farm due to the some reasons such as the death of livestock, disease or injury of farm owners, and Republikflucht of family member. In addition it is difficult to resolve the poverty of some fatherless-refugee-families without new farm who could not become a member of LPG. Second, from analyzing the case of Parkentin, a typical old farmer village, we find the behaviour of old farmers who were strong against the SED agriculture policy. Although Parkentin LPG was founded in Dec. 1952 by the former farm labors, based on some left farms whose owners had escaped to West Germany, this remained a small collective farm and could not come to hold a dominant position in the village. Futhermore the conflict around LPG leadership led to the exclusion of a milker family, the only SED member, from LPG and SED. Reminded of the historical discrimination against the milker class, this means that SED county committee accepted the mentality of residents which had neglected the significance of farm labor class. It was a new founded great LPG integrating 3 neighboring LPGs that old-farmers in Parkentin eventually determined to enter in 1960.