マレー農村の20年 : 人口と家族の変化を中心に

Abstract

The Malay village of Galok in Kelantan was revisited from September to November, 1991 to investigate the changes in the population and households in the 20 years since the first intensive community study was conducted there in 1970/71. Major economic activities in 1970/71 were paddy cultivation in rain-fed fields, small scale rubber tapping, and newly introduced tobbacco cultivation. The village's population increased from 690 in 1971 to 1, 100 in 1991, and the number of the households from 145 to 211. Despite the increase in population and households, the households cultivating paddy decreased from 71 to 36, those tapping rubber from 94 to 53, and those growing tobbacco from 124 to 40, while regular employment, irregular wage labor in the surrounding areas, and temporary migratory work in Singapore increased remarkably. Many people moved out of the village and many others moved in. Though the former exceed the latter in number, the village population is still increasing owing to the high fertility, represented by a TFR of 4.860 of 1972-1991. The total number of original residents from 1971, their married-in spouses, and their direct decendants born after 1971 and staying in the village, however, is smaller than the 1971 population, which means that immigrating households contributed greatly to the growth of the village population. Most of these were either returning relatives of Galok residents or migrating households from less conveniently situated surrounding villages. Thus, movements are occurring in opposite directions at the same time. The kin composition of households was purer in 1991 than 1971 in terms of kin relations, in that they included fewer adopted children and temporary co-residents. More extended family households have been organized through coresidence of aged parents or newlyweds in newly rebuilt, more permanent dwellings.