アフガニスタンにおけるハラジュの王國

Abstract

In the second half of the seventh century A.D., two kingdoms ruled by Turks appeared in Kābul and Zābilistān, the eastern part of present Afghanistan. The origin of these kingdoms, however, have not been clarified satisfactory. Present writer tried to connect these Turks with a Turkish tribe called Xalaj who were reported by the Arab geographers to have lived in the areas around the middle course of Helmand river, that is, the southeastern part of Afghanistan, in the mid tenth century. The newly discovered Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan have revealed that they had already lived in the northern skirt of Hindukush mountain in the seventh century. To fill this nearly three centuries blank of time and to cover the distance between northern and southeastern areas of Afghanistan, the words hedaluozhi/gedaluozhi in Tang Annals and xaralāča in the legends of Nezak Šāh coins are examined and considered to be Indianized forms of Xalaj, which means that Xalaj had established their kingdoms in the areas above mentioned and maintained them until they were conquered by the Ṣaffārids in nineth century.