六朝佛典の翻譯と編輯に見る中國化の問題

Abstract

This article is an investigation into the question of how sutras were translated, transformed and received in Chinese Buddhist society. This analysis is based on my theory of a threefold classification of Buddhist sutras in China: first, Chinese translation in the normal sense; second, Chinese Buddhist apocrypha which contain component elements unique to Chinese culture; and third, Chinese compilation of sutras which contain elements of the previous two categories. Examples of the first category include the omission of original words, the addition and interpolation of new elements such as exegetical comments, and the secondary usage (i. e., implicit citation or incorporation) of previously translated texts. Buddhist apocrypha is also closely connected to the compilation and the incorporation of other source materials. Making an abridged version out of one or multiple sutras is an example of Chinese compilation. Clarifying the actual conditions of these editorial activities contributes to our understanding of the sinification of Buddhism.