コロニアルから鏡像へ--地方から見たインドネシア・フットボール史序説

Abstract

Indonesia was once one of the leading football countries in Asia. Even though the international status of Indonesian football has long been attenuated, football is still the most popular sport in the country. This article is an attempt to describe the relationship between society and sport in Indonesia through focusing on a local football club. PSM is a football club established in 1915 in Makassar, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi. At fi rst, the club was given the Dutch name of MVB (Makassar Voetbal Bond). During the Japanese occupation, it was given a new Indonesian name, PSM (Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar), by which it has been known ever since. The 1950s and mid-60s were the golden era of PSM, starring Ramang—considered to be the greatest Indonesian footballer. South Sulawesi was at that time the ground for the Kahar Muzakkar rebellion against the central government. This period is known as the era of Fanatisme Daerah (regional fanaticism). PSM served as a powerful tool to counterbalance outsiders, mainly from Jawa. In the late 60s the rebellion ended, Suharto's New Order regime began, and South Sulawesi found itself more integrated into the central government than it had previously been. Concurrently, PSM's achievements gradually declined. Ironically, however, PSM became a symbol of Makassar, receiving support from the mayor of Makassar and a local entrepreneur. Consequentially, PSM was signifi cant for internal Makassarese society rather than broader society outside of the world of Makassar. Within these contexts, although it was originally born as an offshoot of the Dutch East Indies, PSM gives a 'visualization' of the characteristics of Makassar of the times. Football, in this sense, offers us an optimal chance to examine related issues such as ethnicity, regional history, social integration, and local and central politics.