Introduction of A New Principle in The Theory of Magnetism, I. : The Classical Derivation of The Meissner Effect in Perfect Conductors

Abstract

In the past theory of magnetism, there was an insufficient understanding in the processing of the magnetic energy of the externally applied field. By introducing a correct way of processing this energy, it was clarified that the Meissner effect is a classical property of the perfect conductors. It was proved rigorously that the perfectly diamagnetic state has the minimum local magnetic energies. Miss Van Leeuwen's theorem is wrong because it does not take account the cooperative nature of the magnetic energy of the system. By assuming -(ev・A)/c, as the necessary additional to the statistical energy of the system, the London equation V_<drift>=(e/mc) A has been derived directly. The same equation comes out kinematically as well by analyzing the transient collective motion of the conduction electrons in a perfectly conducting cylinder. It was pointed out that the surface state electrons which are runnig in the surface boundary region paramagnetically must have extremely high magnetic energies and can not be present so many thermodynamically and kinematically as well. This is the principal mechanism for having the perfect diamagnetism in perfect conductors. In order to elucidate the electro-thermodynamics of the persistent current system, a two doubly connected perfect conductor system is analyzed which clarifies the meaning of the Zeeman energy, the tricky structure of the magnetic energy, and another delicate electro-thermodynamical situation of the creation of the Meissner effect.