イギリスにおける女性医療専門職の誕生と養成・支援活動 -パイオニア女性のキャリア確立プロセスに関する成人教育的考察から-

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of forming the careers of three pioneering medical women: Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917). Although "healing" had been traditionally women's job, it was recognized as "amateur" and excluded from medical professions and their training. In the Victorian society, it had been never expected by people that women became any "professionals and make their independent careers. "Nursing, " which had been labor of the working class women, was developed by Nightingale for the first time as a profession. Also, Blackwell in the U.S. became the first woman medical doctor in the world and helped her home country Britain to have medical women; Anderson developed herself, with support from her mentor Blackwell, into the first woman medical doctor in the UK. With the perspective of Adult Education, this paper clarifies i) How they educated & developed themselves into pioneering medical women, ii) How they pioneered medical fields and found out unique field that medical men had never explored, iii) What roles they played as educators for the next generation.