メディカル・キャンプという手法 : 東ヒマラヤの地域研究におけるアクション・リサーチの可能性

Abstract

2009年-2011年にかけてインドのアルナーチャル・プラデーシュ州ウエスト・カメン県ディラン郡で3回のメディカル・キャンプを現地の県保健局の事業として実施した. 本稿では, メディカル・キャンプをアクション・リサーチと位置づけ, 地域研究の立場から, 研究と実践の関係, メディカル・キャンプ実現の経緯, そして実施の具体的状況, そこから学んだ経験, その経験にもとづくブロックパの生活世界に見出すことができた高所文明のあり方と参加研究者たちのメディカル・キャンプにおける「発見」を, 記録として記述した. そして最後に, それらの諸点を踏まえて地域研究におけるアクション・リサーチとして位置づけたメディカル・キャンプには, 健康診断事業という実践への研究者の参加を促進させることによって研究者の視点を地域により内在化させ, 医療関係者と他の参加メンバー間の共同性を高める効果が認められたことに言及する. メディカル・キャンプは地域研究における新しい研究手法として高い可能性を示していると言えよう.

In Dirang Circle, West Kameng Distirct, Arunchal Pradesh, India, we have implemented three Medical Camps for Monpa and Brokpa from 2009 to 2011. The methodology of Medical Camp was firstly questioned of its applicability by the Japanese team members, whose specialty is "Area Studies", because of direct intervention to the local people with medical treatments without advanced relationship and its impact to the local communities. However, after implementation of Medical Camp in collaboration with the health department of West Kameng District, this apprehension changed into a surprise. The general methodologies of Area Studies usually try to avoid the direct intervention in the local people, because the aim of Area Studies is to understand the characteristics of "Area" and sometime to identify the problem and its mechanism. The practical solution is not given a priority in the orthodox Area Studies. The direct interaction in the local people with the Medical Camp is a complete different research methodology in Area Studies. Therefore, I would like to present my experience with the following points and to conclude that Medical Camp has a good potential as a significant methodology of Practice-oriented Area Studies. 1.A dilemma between research and practice: Significance of Study in Arunachal Pradesh 2.Cooperation of local people to encourage us to decide the implementation of Medical Camp as an action research 3.First Medical Camp and learning from the clinic medicines 4.Risk of Medical Camp at 4000m at a height above sea level and a measure for it. 5.Medical Camp to visit the Brokpa 6."Highland Civilization" supported by Temperate Evergreen Forest and Network of "Goodness" 7."Finding" by Japanese Research Members through Medical Camps 8.Conclusion: Inpact of Medical Camp as a methodology of Area Studies