インドの工学系大学における入学者選抜制度の展開－2010年代以降の全国統一型試験の動向に着目して－

Abstract

本稿では、主として2010年代以降の工学系大学の全国統一型入学試験の動向に着目することで、インドの工学系大学における入学者選抜制度がどのように展開しているのかを明らかにすることを目的とした。主として2012年時点の選抜、諮問委員会の内容をふまえた第44回IIT協議会の決定内容、そして2013年以降に実施されている選抜制度を検討した結果、インドの工学系大学における入学者選抜制度は、連邦政府（MHRD）が諮問委員会を開き改革を主導する形でおこなわれ、そのすべてとは言えないものの、それでもIIT-JEEとAIEEEを統合すること、第12学年修了試験を重視すること、そして各州単位でおこなわれる第12学年修了試験の質のばらつきを解消することの３点に関して、変化があったとみなすことができた。Many countries have recently become interested in university entrance examination reform, because the quality of students has become more diversified and universities must find promising talent. In India, advisory committees discussed a new engineering university entrance examination system in 2010 and 2011, and then, a new common entrance examination system was introduced in 2013. This study was performed to investigate the engineering university entrance examination systems and the recent reforms in India, focusing on trends of common entrance tests since 2010s. JEE (Main) and JEE (Advanced) have been the entrance examinations for national engineering universities, for example IIT and NIT, in India since 2013. JEE (Main) and JEE (Advanced) are different from AIEEE and IIT-JEE, which were the past entrance tests for engineering universities before 2012. First, AIEEE and IIT-JEE were integrated into JEE (Main) and JEE (Advanced). Second, JEE (Main) and JEE (Advanced) take more account of the 12th Board examination than the previous system. Third, the results of 12th Board examination are normalized and these scores are used for admission to national engineering universities, such as NIT. Normalization is useful to control for diversity in the 12th Board exams carried out by each state.