<実践報告>日本語学習者のディスカッション運営力を高める振り返りの試み

Abstract

本実践報告の目的は、ディスカッション運営力向上を目的とした振り返り活動を通した学習者の学びのプロセスを明らかにすることである。本授業は、米国の大学の上級日本語コースで15週間に渡り行われた。振り返りの深まりが顕著であった学習者1名を抽出し、発話機能によってラベリングしたディスカッションの文字化資料と振り返りシートを、ディスカッション運営の構成と学習者の気づきに焦点を当て分析した。その結果、学習者が教師のフィードバックや他の学習者の運営を新たな視点として取り入れ、自己モニタリング能力を高めていったことが明らかになった。その高まりと共に、ディスカッション運営の抽象的概念化が行われ、ディスカッションでの対話は重層化した。更に、この経験から、学習者が自己効力感を得たことが明らかになった。本研究からは、ディスカッションの運営力を高めるためには、学習者がパフォーマンスと振り返りを重ね、気づきが概念化され、それを次の場面で試みて成功体験が得られる仕組みが重要であることが示唆される。

This case study examines the process of learning through guided reflection with the aim of enhancing the role of discussion leader (DL) in the context of Japanese as a foreign language. It was conducted during a 15-week advanced-level Japanese course in a university program that follows the Performed Culture Approach (Walker & Noda, 2000), based on the concept of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). Students watched recordings of in-class group discussions to reflect on their performance as DLs. We aimed to illustrate how their reflection, guided by the instructor, enhanced the effectiveness of their performance as the DL. To achieve this, we focused on the learning process of a student whose reflection deepened substantially during the semester. The discussion discourses when she was the DL were labeled according to the speech functions and her reflection sheets were analyzed in terms of DL's function and awareness. The results revealed that the student enhanced her self-monitoring skills and her ability to critically review teacher's comments and other students' performances as a DL. Furthermore, the readier the student showed self-monitoring skills, the more salient were the crucial steps of Kolb's (1984) experiential learning, namely "reflective observation, " "abstract conceptualization, " and "active experimentation." The survey conducted at the class completion also demonstrated that the student perceived a gain in self-efficacy from the experience, suggesting the potential of the successful experience serving as a motivation to keep improving toward the advanced level.