女性の職業的スキルとキャリア --パネルデータを用いた職業資格の有用性に関する分析--

Abstract

女性の職業的技能形成の主要なパターンである職業資格の有用性について、資格職に就く女性を対象に、職業移動、および賃金を従属変数とするパネルデータ分析を行った。その結果、資格職共通の特徴として同じ職に留まる割合が高く、無職後の復帰職となる傾向が強いことから、企業内部でのスキル形成を選択しない女性にとって、資格は安定的な<職>を保障することで継続的なキャリア形成に貢献している点が示された。実質的な収益に対しては、個別効果を取り除いた固定効果モデルによる分析では資格職の効果は見られない。但し対象を大学卒の女性に限ると医療・保健系資格職に、非大学卒の女性に限ると教員にそれぞれ作業職に対する賃金上昇効果がみられた。女性全員を対象にした分析では企業属性に賃金上昇効果はなく、企業内でキャリアを重ね収益を高めるパターンとは異なる、日本特有のスキル形成システムの縁辺に広がる女性のキャリアが明らかとなった。

This paper examines how occupational qualifications are utilized in women's careers by using two-wave JGSS panel dataset, focusing on two aspects. The first is to look at job shifts among women who use qualifications for their work and examine how they make use of "portability" of different types of qualified skills by bringing them from one workplace to another. The second is to estimate how different types of jobs that require qualifications cause increases in earnings. The results suggest that "portability" of qualified skills is utilized the most among healthcare professionals, and that using qualifications for work generally contributes to women's careers by securing stable jobs. On the other hand, all the qualified professionals among women do not account for wage increases in panel-data analyses where "unobserved, time-invariant and subject-specific components (fixed-effects)" are eliminated from the estimators. Exceptional cases are teachers in the group of non-university graduate women, and healthcare professionals in the group of university graduate women, where the statistically significant effects to increase annual wages were examined in the fixed-effect model. Overall, women who consider their skills utilized in their jobs are more likely to have their wages increase.