戦前期における私学中等教員養成学部の設置過程とその要因 : 明治後期・大正期を中心として

Abstract

本稿は､戦前期における私学中等教員養成学部の設置過程とその要因を､主に明治･大正期に焦点をあてて明らかにしようとするものである｡

Before World War II, there were many kinds of schools training secondary school teachers. Among them, national schools were regarded as the mainstream. But many private schools had established departments to train secondary school teachers and contributed to the supply of teachers. This article aims to clarify the processes and factors that private schools established in these departments. At first, the author classifies three types of private schools that established teacher training departments as for their origins: preparatory schools for examination of a teacher's certificate; religious schools; and law schools. Then for each type of private school, their processes of establishing these departments were argued in detail. Next, the author presumes the three factors of establishing the department in private schools. (1) The great increase of secondary schools in the Taisho era generated a lack of secondary school teachers. (2) Private schools had financial difficulties, and some Christian schools were oppressed by the government in the Meiji era; thus they had to establish their curriculum as vocational education. (3) Because graduates from private schools of liberal arts could hardly get jobs except as teachers, they needed to establish the new departments to enable students to easily obtain teacher's certificates.