幼児期における他者の誤った行動に対する理由づけの発達

Abstract

The purpose of the present article was to consider children's ability to explain causal relation between others' false action and misleading informational conditions and epistemic states when she or he sees other's false action. Many previous researches about standard false-belief tasks had focused on the children's ability to predict others false action when children are presented misleading~ informational conditions. In explanation questions, children were required to understand the causal links between misleading informational conditions, epistemic states, and resulting actions. Previous researches had shown that three year olds failed in justifying others' false action and some four year aids started to link others' false action to epistemic states and misleading informational conditions. Naito & Koyama (2006) had proposed that in Japanese children's explanations, they refer not to the protagonist's belief or desire but primarily to their behaviors, while many Western children refer to protagonist's desire. In this review, I propose that one factor which prevents children from reasoning about the protagonist's false action correctly is the story's complexity, in which two protagonists behave differently in one task setting. Children may have difficulty in tracing the main character's behavior which changes with another protagonist's updating behavior.