戦前生活綴方における教育評価論研究の方向性 : 綴方批評と「生活台」分析を結ぶ観点から

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore a perspective of the studies on the educational evaluation of the "Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata" before World War II. "Seikatsu" means daily living, while "Tsuzurikata" means writing or composition. Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata is an educational movement, centering on the writing process in terms of whole-person education. It began in rural Japan in the nineteen twenties, a time of famine and depression when teachers realizes that the national curriculum and the realities of children's lives were not compatible. Teachers felt they could at least help children survive by encouraging their students to do personal narrative writing based upon precise observation of actual circumstances, events, and their thoughts in their daily lives. I suggest that there should be two viewpoints : (1) Evaluation based on an analysis of "Seikatsudai", which means a kind of social environment. (2) Evaluation centered on Tsuzurikata-review. However, previous studies showed that it was difficult to manage both viewpoints in the classroom because of the conditions of the time. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the relationship between the two viewpoints and the factors that which prevented them from being compatible. Such an analysis will determine the value of the "Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata" before World War II.