教員と学生による双方向型授業 - 多人数講義系授業のパラダイムの転換を求めて

Abstract

In the United States, where higher education reached a universal stage earlier than in Japan, conversion of the educational paradigm was advocated around 1990 and cooperative learning has been practiced noting that classes tackled cooperatively by students are most effective. However, knowledge instruction in only one direction—the traditional lecture class—is still the form most commonly used in Japan. This paper first introduces some background on how the prototype of a two-way class suited the period 1970–90 in Japan, and looks at the current state of the two-way class after Japan's university educational reforms in 1991. Then, using class questionnaires at Ritsumeikan University this paper explores what two-way classes require, and introduces examples of the two-way class format used for large-scale lecture classes, with the author's own practices.