ベトナムの大学入学者選抜制度における権限配分の論理－体制移行期の制度改革を中心に－

Abstract

This paper clarifies the logics in allocation of power between the state and universities/colleges (Universities) in Vietnam, with emphasis on entrance exams, through a historical analysis of changes in the institutional arrangements mainly after the launch of the "Doi Moi" policy in 1986. This paper will provide some viewpoints regarding changes in visions of human resources trained in Universities in transition era and why the state retook the power related to setting entrance exam questions. The results are as follows. First, it is not political conviction but academic ability that is more important in deciding who should enter Universities. Second, university autonomy in entrance exams has expanded gradually, with the power to set entrance exams questions retaken by the state to level the quality since 2003. Third, the system where "the state is responsible for enrollment quotas and universities decide the questions and select successful applicants" has changed to one where "universities are responsible for enrollment quotas and deciding successful applicants, while the state sets the questions and standard for academic ability". In conclusion, there has been a change from the thought that universities should select students autonomously with quantitative control from the state, to that the state should be more powerful to raise the standards of quality in higher education.