なぜ当事者視点で高校と大学の関係性を描くことが必要なのか？

Abstract

過去30年の高大接続の議論・政策に鑑みれば、現在、制度的には高大接続が間断なく可能になった。その上で本論文では、高校と大学の関係性をめぐる議論への新たな視点の提示を試みた。具体的には、高校と大学の関係性に関する先行研究や欧米における高等教育への移行研究の変遷を概観し「高校から大学への移行に際して困難を伴う学生の存在」及び「異質性を前提とした高校と大学の関係性」に批判的な視座を持つべきという示唆を得た。その上で、本論文では当事者の視点がもたらす必要性、及び、その視点への理解を促す学術的スタンスとしての現象学の重要性を示した。具体的には、研究者自身が内面を開示しながら、高校生・大学生の当事者視点を理解し、彼らの経験の意味・意義に迫り、本質観取を行う手法とその問いを例示した。この手法を用いて、「高校と大学の関係性」を帰納的かつ批判的に検討することが、本稿の議論を踏まえた筆者の次のステップとなる。

Based on discussions and policies over the past 30 years, it is now systematically possible to smoothly connect high school and university. This paper presents a new perspective to discuss the relationship between high school and university. Specifically, through a review of previous research regarding to the relationship between high school and university in Japan and transition into higher education in an international context, it was suggested that a critical perspective should be taken on “the existence of students with difficulties when transitioning from high school to university” and “the relationship between high school and university based on heterogeneity”. The necessity of the perspective of the people involved (students) and the importance of phenomenology as an academic stance that promotes understanding of that perspective were also demonstrated. Specifically, the method and questions for approaching the meaning and significance of their lived experiences and attempting to grasp their essential nature were illustrated, by having the researchers themselves disclose their inner thoughts and understanding the students' perspectives. The next step is to use this method to critically and inductively consider the relationship between high school and university.