受苦的な経験における生の可能性 : O.F.ボルノウ「非連続的な生の形式」再考

Abstract

本稿は､現代ドイツの教育学者ポルノウ(O.F.Bollnow)と､同じくドイツの哲学者ハイデガー(M.Heidegger)との思想的な関わりを問い直す研究の一環として､位置づけられるものである｡ハイデガー哲学の核心である存在論的な思索について､ポルノウはそれを徹底的に拒否してきた｡しかしながら､ポルノウが繰り返し拒んできたその｢存在への問い｣のうちに､彼自身の思想のいっそう豊かな可能性を開き示す契機が潜んでいるとしたらどうだろうか｡ ハイデガ-哲学との関わりを丁寧に検証することを通して､ポルノウの思想においてこれまで看過されてきた新たな地平が明らかにされるのではないだろうか｡こうした問いに導かれて本稿では､ポルノウの中心的な研究の一つである｢非連続的な生の形式｣をめぐる思想について､それを『存在と時間』におけるハイデガーの思想との関わりのなかで問い直すことを試みることにしたい｡

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the possibility of human life in suffering. O.F. Bollnow, a German philosopher of education, conducts the study on this issue. He claims that crisis can constitute significant moments in our developments, and he draws our attention to the unstable form of life. According to his theory, we can reach the higher stages of our developments, that is, our authentic selves, through suffering. Based on the tradition of existential philosophy, Bollnow asserts that the possibility of the authentic self is ethically superior to that of the unauthentic self. But there are some objections to this theory. For example, U. Wehner insists that Bollnow's theory inclines to idealize the authentic possibility of human life. This is a serious distortion of Heidegger's existential thought, he says. Now Bollnow's theory about the significance of crisis is confronted with serious doubt. We are prompted to ask how he can recognize suffering as an opportunity for human growth and development. I will attempt to inquire into this problem through a reconsideration of the close relationship between Bollnow's theory about the unstable form of life and the anthropological method of interpretation.